Basic Linux commands

Command	Description
`ls`	Lists all files and directories in the present working directory
`ls -R`	Lists files in sub-directories as well
`ls -a`	Lists hidden files as well
`ls -al`	Lists files and directories with detailed information like permissions,size, owner, etc.
`cd or cd ~`	Navigate to HOME directory
`cd ..`	Move one level up
`cd`	To change to a particular directory
`cd /`	Move to the root directory
`cat > filename`	Creates a new file
`cat filename`	Displays the file content
`cat file1 file2 > file3`	Joins two files (file1, file2) and stores the output in a new file (file3)
`mv file "new file path"`	Moves the files to the new location
`mv file1 file2`	Renames the file to a new filename
`sudo`	Allows regular users to run programs with the security privileges of the superuser or root
`rm filename`	Deletes a file
`man`	Gives help information on a command
`history`	Gives a list of all past commands typed in the current terminal session
`clear`	Clears the terminal
`mkdir dir1`	Creates a new directory in the present working directory or a at the specified path
`mkdir -p dir1/dir2`	Create directory inside directory
`mv`	Renames a directory
`rm -r`	To remove recursively
`rmdir`	To remove the directory
`rm -rv`	Remove with displaying output
`touch file1`	Creates a empty file
`lp-d lp-P`	Specifies name of the printer
`apt-get`	Command used to install and update packages

Environment Variables command

Command	Description
`echo $VARIABLE`	To display value of a variable
`env`	Displays all environment variables
`VARIABLE_NAME= variable_value`	Create a new variable
`Unset`	Remove a variable
`export Variable=value`	To set value of an environment variable

User management commands of linux

Command	Description
`sudo adduser username`	To add a new user
`sudo passwd -l 'username'`	To change the password of a user
`sudo userdel -r 'username'`	To remove a newly created user
`sudo usermod -a -G GROUPNAME USERNAME`	To add a user to a group
`sudo deluser USER GROUPNAME`	To remove a user from a group
`finger`	Shows information of all the users logged in
`finger username`	Gives information of a particular user

File Permission commands

Command	Description
`ls -l`	to show file type and access permission
`r`	read permission
`w`	write permission
`x`	execute permission
`-=`	no permission
`Chown user`	For changing the ownership of a file/directory
`Chown user:group filename`	change the user as well as group for a file or directory

Networking command

Command	Description
`SSH username@ip-address or hostname`	login into a remote Linux machine using SSH
`Ping hostname="" or =""`	To ping and Analyzing network and host connections
`dir`	Display files in the current directory of a remote computer
`cd "dirname"`	change directory to “dirname” on a remote computer
`put file`	upload ‘file’ from local to remote computer
`get file`	Download ‘file’ from remote to local computer
`quit`	Logout

Process command

Command	Description
`bg`	To send a process to the background
`fg`	To run a stopped process in the foreground
`top`	Details on all Active Processes
`ps`	Give the status of processes running for a user
`ps PID`	Gives the status of a particular process
`pidof`	Gives the Process ID (PID) of a process
`kill PID`	Kills a process
`nice`	Starts a process with a given priority
`renice`	Changes priority of an already running process
`df`	Gives free hard disk space on your system
`free`	Gives free RAM on your system

VI Editing Commands

Command	Description
`i`	Insert at cursor (goes into insert mode)
`a`	Write after cursor (goes into insert mode)
`A`	Write at the end of line (goes into insert mode)
`ESC`	Terminate insert mode
`u`	Undo last change
`U`	Undo all changes to the entire line
`o`	Open a new line (goes into insert mode)
`dd`	Delete line
`3dd`	Delete 3 lines
`D`	Delete contents of line after the cursor
`C`	Delete contents of a line after the cursor and insert new text. Press ESC key to end insertion.
`dw`	Delete word
`4dw`	Delete 4 words
`cw`	Change word
`x`	Delete character at the cursor
`r`	Replace character
`R`	Overwrite characters from cursor onward
`s`	Substitute one character under cursor continue to insert
`S`	Substitute entire line and begin to insert at the beginning of the line
`~`	Change case of individual character

Pipe, Grep and Sort Command in Linux

Pipe command

The Pipe is a command in Linux that lets you use two or more commands such that output of one command serves as input to the next.

cat filename | less

The grep command

grep command is used to find texts from ay text input

grep search_string

The sort command

sort Filename

CUT

The CUT command is a command-line tool for cutting data from each line of files and writing the result to standard output

cut OPTION... filename

AWK

It is a very powerful interpreted programming language which is specially designed for text processing through this we can search, cut, and manipulate text

awk options 'selection _criteria {action }' input-file

Find

find command is used to find the files or directory's path, it is exactly like the find option in windows where you can search for a file

find /home/shubham -name "file.txt

Git Commands

git init: creates a new Git repository in the current directory.
git clone: creates a local copy of a remote Git repository.
git status: shows the status of the local repository, including any changes.
git add: adds changes to the staging area.
git commit: creates a new commit with the changes in the staging area.
git push: sends the local commits to the remote repository.
git pull: retrieves changes from the remote repository and merges them with the local repository.
git branch: shows the list of local branches.
git checkout: switches to a different branch or commit.
git merge: combines changes from different branches.
git log: shows the list of commits in the current branch.
git reset: removes changes from the staging area.
git revert: creates a new commit that undoes the changes made in a previous commit.
git stash: temporarily saves changes that are not ready to be committed.
git tag: creates a new tag for a specific commit.
git fetch: retrieves changes from the remote repository without merging them with the local repository.

GitHub Commands

git remote: shows the list of remote repositories.
git remote add: adds a new remote repository.
git remote remove: removes a remote repository.
git push -u: sends the local commits to the remote repository and sets the upstream branch.
git pull --rebase: retrieves changes from the remote repository and applies them to the local repository with a rebase instead of a merge.
git pull --squash: retrieves changes from the remote repository and combines them into a single commit in the local repository.
git branch -d: deletes a local branch.

These are just a few of the most commonly used Git and GitHub commands that i used.

THAT'S ALL FOR TODAY'S LEARNING I HOPE YOU LEARN SOMETHING FROM THIS BLOG.

Linux and Git-GitHub Cheatseat